Lock



Aug. 19, 1941.

E. FOGELS'QN 2,252,966 7 LOCK Filed June 15, 1938 f7?! v F242 INVENTOR.

, g fmi/e fqe/san ATTORNEY.

Patented Aug. 19, 1941 {UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE LOCK Emile Fogelson,New York, N. Y.

Application June 15, 1938, Serial No. 213,760

Claims.

The purpose of this invention is to provide improvements in looks of thepin tumbler type which makes it practically impossible to pick locks ofthis type which also makes it possible to reduce the length of the lock;or means adapted to be used in combination with locks for making pickingmore difficult.

The invention is a lock of the type having pins adapted to be set tooperative positions by keys, in which the pins are divided intosections, and in which the plug in which the key is inserted issurrounded by a sleeve or sleeves, and the movement of the plug andsleeves is controlled by the relative positions of the pins, and, themovements of the plug and sleeves are also independently controlled byprojections from one member extending into slots in another, and inwhich each projection and slot permits partial rotation of therespective parts. In the structure shown, the movement of the outersleeve is restricted to a certain number of degrees, the movement of theinner sleeve to a similar number of degrees, although, when moving incombination with the outer sleeve, the movement of the inner sleeve istwice that of the outer sleeve, and the movement of the plug in relationto the inner sleeve is also limited to a certain number of degrees, butthe movement of the plug in combination with the movement of the sleevesprovides a complete revolution or 360", and, therefore, to obtainopening of the lock, the individual sections of the pins must registerwith the intersections of the plug and sleeves.

Tumbler, pin or ball locks, in which a key sets the locking means toregister or not to register, are limited in the possibility of largenumbers of combinations, and, where the pins are divided into sections,they can be set in registering position by a master key so that one maypick the lock more readily by setting all of the pins in either theregular or master key positions; however, with the present lock it isnot only necessary to set all of the pins to register at one plane, butso that there is a registration also at all of the planes, to permit acomplete revolution of the plug. This complete revolution of the plug ispossible only when each of the sleeves turns a fractional part of arevolution. It is also possible to provide a sequence or series ofmovements on locks now in use by adding an intermediate unit between theplug and roll back or bolt, in which the same plug is turned through anadditional revolution, or through two additional revolutions as may bedesired, before the bolt is moved,

The object of this invention is, therefore, to provide additionalmovements in looks of the pin tumbler type which makes it more difficultto set the pins to open the lock without a key.

Anotherob-ject is to provide improvements in a lock of, the type havingpins in combination with inner rotating sleeves, in which means isprovided for permitting a partial turning of the plug without settingthe pins to the opening po- S1 lOIl.

Another object is to provide means in a lock of the pin tumbler type forpermitting several movements of the plug of key housing which prevent acomplete opening movement unless all of the pins are set to the correctposition for opening the lock.

A further object is to provide means in a lock of the pin tumbler typewhich makes it possible to reduce the length of the lock and of a keytherefor.

And a still further object is to provide a lock of the pin tumbler type,in which it is substantially impossible to set the operating parts tothe lock opening position without the proper key,.which is of a simpleand economical con struction.

With these ends in view the invention embodies a lock of the cylindertype having a cylinder, plug, and pins, with intermediate sleeves andmeans engaging and moving said sleeves when released by divisional partsof the pins, through several movements, and with the complete movementpreferably completing 360, or a complete revolution. The invention alsoinvolves the use of similar sleeves,or other suitable means, incombination with the roll-back of substantially any lock of this type,whereby the independent members are picked up and operated in sequencein order to open the lock.

Other features and advantages of the invention will appear from thefollowing description taken in connection with the drawing, wherein:

Figure 1 is a View showing a cross section through a simple form of alock of this type with the proper key inserted for locking and unlockingpurposes.

Figure 2 is a view looking toward the back of the lock with the rollback omitted.

Figure 3 is a similar view with the parts turnedthrough a completerevolution, and with portions of the different parts shown in section.

Figure 4 is a View looking toward the back of a device which is adaptedto be attached to any lock of the pin tumbler type.

Figure 5 is a cross section through the parts shown in Figure 4.

Figure 6 is a detail showing an alternate design in which the ringsshown in Figures 4 and. 5 are positioned upon a central stem.

Figure '7 is a cross section through the device shown in Figure 6.

Figure 8 is a view also similar to that shown in Figure 4, showinganother alternate design in which the rotating movements are controlledby a traveling member moving in a screw thread.

Figure 9 is a cross section through the device shown in Figure 8.

In the drawing the lock is shown as .it may be made, wherein numeral Iindicates the case or cylinder, numeral 2, an outer sleeve, numeral 3,an inner sleeve, and numeral 4, the plug.

The case or cylinder I may be of any type or design, may be of any size,and may have any number of pins or the like for arresting and releasingthe movement of the plug and sleeves.

In the design shown, the plug and sleeves are eccentrically positionedin the casing, as shown in Figure 2, and the plug is provided with a keyslot 5 in which a key 6 may be inserted, and the inner end is connectedto a bar 1 through a backplate 8, and the parts are arranged so that,with the proper key, pins 9 and I!) will assume positions to permit theplug to rotate through a certain number of degrees, and then the plug,through a lug II on the plug and taking in a slot i2 of the inner sleeve3, will pick up the sleeve 3 and move it through a certain number ofdegrees, at which time a lug l3 on the sleeve 3, and operating in a slotl4 of the sleeve 2, will pick up the sleeve 2 and cause it to rotatethrough a certain number of degrees. In the design shown, the degrees ofeach movement of each of the respective parts is 120, making a total of360, and, at this time, the key and plug have made a complete revolutionwhich operates or releases the lock bolt. The movement of the outersleeve 2 is limited by a pin l5 shown in Figure l, and in dotted linesin Figure .2, and it will be noted that the pin is provided with a headIt that extends into a slot ll of the outer sleeve 2, the said slotextending from the point 18 to the point l9, both of which are indicatedin dotted lines in Figure 2. It will be understood, however, that anymeans may be provided on the plug and sleeves for causing the respectiveparts to pick up and move the other parts, or to limit their movements.

The pin tumblers 9 and I0 formed of a plurality of pins and disks asshown in Fig. 1 are slidably held in openings 2|] and 2| extendingthrough the plug, sleeves, and into the casing, and these openings areprovided with shoulders 22 and 23 limiting the upward movement of thepins, preventing them being moved out of engagement with the sleeves,and, at the same time, preventing undue strain on springs 24 and 25 bywhich the pins are held downward. The pins 9 and ID are divided into aplurality of sections, and the parts 26 and 21 of the key 6 may beshaped to hold the pins, so that these sections of the pins registerwith the intersection of the plug, sleeves and casing, and it will benoted that, although one may determine the positions of the pins forpermitting some of the movements or a partial revolution of the plug orsleeves, and think they have set the pins to the proper position, thisposition may only permit the plug to turn 120 aloneor with one orbothsleeves', or the plug and one of the sleeves to turn 24.0", and,

as that would be insufiicient to open the lock, it would be necessary toreturn the parts to the original position in order to set the pins toanother position, so that, with this plurality of registering parts, itmay be considered impossible to place all of the pins in such a positionthat all the parts would register with the intersections of the plug andsleeves.

A somewhat similar series of movements may also be applied tosubstantially any lock by use of the different parts shown in Figures 4.to 9, in which an outer case 28 may be attached to the rear end of theplug of the lock, and, when this is rotated through a completerevolution, a pin 29, extending inward therefrom, will engage and rotatean inner sleeve 30, and then, as this is turned through anotherrevolution, a pin 3|, extending inward from said inner sleeve, willengage a pin 32 on a disc 33 and cause the disc to rotate, which, inturn, will rotate the bar 34 which will operate the lock bolt to openthe lock. In the modification shown in Figures 6 and 7, the samemovement is accomplished by a stud 35 which may be attached to the plugof the lock, and this is provided with a pin 36 that operates a sleeve31, and the sleeve is provided with a pin 38 that operates anothersleeve 39, and it will be noted that, as the plug is rotated through onerevolution, the sleeve 31 will remain stationary, and, during the secondrevolution, it will "cause the sleeve 31 to rotate through onerevolution, and then, as it is rotated through another revolution, itwill rotate the sleeve 39, thereby providing a sequence of movementsbefore the lock may be opened.

In themodification shown in Figures 8 and 9, the lock bolt operating bar48 is of a rectangular shape, and this extends into a similarly shapedopening 4| in a disc 42 that may be attached to the lock plug, andslidably mounted on the bar as is a follower 43 having a projection 44extending into a spiral groove or thread 45 of an outer bolt operatingcase 46, and it will be noted that any number of grooves or threads maybe provided to cause any number of revolutions before the f0llower"43engages a set collar 4'! and causes the roll back or part 46 to rotateto operate the lock bolt. It will be. appreciated, therefore, that anynumber of devices may be provided in combination with a lock of thistype for providing a sequence of movements through which a lock bolt maybe operated, thereby making it substantially impossible to pick a lockof this type. V I

It will also be understood that parts 43 and dd may be in the form of ascrew, and, with this turning in a thread in combination with a nut, anydesired movement or number of turns may be obtained.

It will beund'erstood that other changes may be made without departingfrom the spirit of the invention. One of which changes may be in the useof a greater or lesser number of the sleeves 2 and 3, or of the pins 9and H).

The construction will be readily understood from the foregoingdescription. In use the device may be provided as, shown and described,and, with the case mounted in a door or any suitable object, and the bar'I connected to a lock bolt by any means, the key maybe inserted in theplug, and, when the proper key is used, it may be turned through acomplete revolution with the sleeves and plug turning together, and withthe outer sleeve stopping after turning and the inner sleeve stoppingafter turning 240", or the plug may first be rotated through an angle of120, at which time it will pick up the inner sleeve 3 and rotate thissleeve through another 120, and, at this time, the inner sleeve willpick up the outer sleeve and rotate it through another 120, making acomplete revolution, at which time the lock will open. It will beunderstood, however, that any number of similar movements may beprovided in this type of lock, and the number of degrees may be variedat will, and also the exact point at which one operating part picks upanother may be changed as desired. It will be i noted that master keysmay be used in combination with locks of this type, and, in fact,several master keys may be provided, each of which will set one or moretumbler pins to different positions for opening the lock.

Having thus fully described the invention, what I claim as new, anddesire to secure by Letters Patent, is:

1. In a lock of the cylinder type having tumbler pins, a plug and a boltoperating bar and, 2. cylinder; an intermediate sleeve through whichsaid pins pass and means other than said tumbler pins whereby said plugcauses said intermediate sleeve to rotate during an opening and closingmovement of the plug through a fractional part of the movement of saidplug.

2. A look as described in claim 1, a plurality of additionalintermediate sleeves and means other than the tumbler pins whereby therotation of the plug causes each sleeve successively to rotate during anopening and closing movement of the plug through a fractional part ofthe movement of said plug.

3. In a look as described in claim 1, a plurality of sleeves and a plugand means other than the tumbler pins causing the rotation of saidsleeves so that the rotation of the plug is the sum of the rotations ofthe plug with respect to the adjacent sleeve and. the relative rotationsof the sleeves with respect to one another and the rotation of thesleeve adjacent to the housing with respect to said housing.

4. A lock, as described in claim 1, in which the pins are held inrespective openings in the cylinder, and the openings are provided withshoulders intermediate of their lengths restricting the upward movementof the pins.

5. In a'lock as described in claim 1, means other than the tumbler pinsby which the plug rotates said sleeve, so that the rotation of the plugis the sum of the degree of rotation of the plug with respect to thesleeve and the degree of rotation of the sleeve with respect to thestationary housing.

EMHIE FOGELSON.

